In males
- Age There will be decline in the fertility as the age increases.
- Weight Being overweight or underweight affects fertility.
- Smoking Smoking impairs the movement of sperm.
- Alcohol Alcohol intake affects the quality and quantity of sperm and also may cause erectile dysfunction.
- Semen quality Poor semen quality may cause infertility.
- Pathological factors
- Ejaculatory disturbances
- Epididymal obstruction
- Testicular failure including Klinefilter’s syndrome, testis tumor, and surgical injury
In females
- Age Aging may affect fertility.
- Weight You should maintain a normal weight. Being overweight or underweight affects reproductive cycle delaying pregnancy.
- Smoking and alcohol Smoking and alcohol increases the risk of infertility.
- Menstrual cycle Irregular menstrual cycles (short, long, or heavy) affect ovulation.
- Prescription drugs Some drugs such as antidepressants and antiemetics alter prolactin levels that affect pregnancy.
- Pathological factors Certain conditions such as endometriosis and fallopian tube disease affect fertility.
