PCOS vs PCOD: Understanding the Differences and Similarities
March 19, 2025- Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are prevalent disorders that impact women who are of childbearing age. Many individuals confuse the two, but they are fundamentally different from one another. Research indicates that around 10% of women in India experience either PCOD or PCOS.
- PCOD refers to a general condition marked by the presence of enlarged ovaries containing several small cysts, typically resulting from hormonal imbalance. In contrast, PCOS is a more defined condition, identified by hormonal imbalances that result in increased androgen levels, irregular menstrual cycles, and often infertility.
Here, we will examine the differences between PCOD and PCOS and discuss the effects of each condition on your body, along with their effects on pregnancy.
What is PCOD?
- PCOD, or Polycystic Ovary Disease, is a health condition in which the ovaries produce numerous eggs that are either partially mature or fully immature. This condition affects women in their childbearing age, as these immature eggs can transform into ovarian cysts.
- When this occurs, the ovaries become enlarged, resulting in a higher production of the androgen hormone. Those who want to learn about the initial signs of PCOD should recognize that they are quite similar to the symptoms of PCOS. The main differences are in the causes and how they are treated.
What is PCOS?
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, known as PCOS, is a condition that arises from hormone imbalances resulting from elevated levels of a hormone called androgen. This condition predominantly affects women who are able to conceive, as the excess androgen can lead to cysts developing in either or both ovaries.
- Women with PCOS may gain weight or become obese, have irregular periods, face difficulties getting pregnant, and experience hair loss.
PCOS Prevalence in India
According to the National Library of Medicine, the incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in India is estimated to be between 3.7% and 22.5%. Although it is challenging to provide a more specific prevalence rate, PCOS is found worldwide at rates from 2.2% to 26%, according to the National Health Portal. Reports from the National Health Portal indicate that a study conducted in South India reveals the rate of PCOS in that region to be between 9.13% and 22.5%.
Common Signs and Symptoms of PCOD and PCOS
Women often notice the initial symptoms of PCOD and PCOS during their first period. A number of people learn about their condition when they face challenges with significant weight increases or fertility issues. Common signs of PCOD and PCOS include:
- Gaining weight or being very overweight
- Having irregular periods or no periods
- Heavy bleeding during periods
- Excess hair growth on the face and body
- Losing hair on the head
- Acne and dark patches on the skin
- Darkening of the skin on the neck, elbows, or groin
- Feelings of sadness, anxiety, or mood swings
Difference Between PCOD and PCOS
The woman’s reproductive system includes a pair of ovaries that releases an egg each month along with producing male hormones known as androgens. Both PCOS and PCOD have an impact on the ovaries and lead to hormonal imbalances but in different manners. Let’s explore how PCOS differs from PCOD:
| PCOS | PCOD | |
| Meaning | In PCOS, the ovaries generate increased levels of androgens, resulting in the formation of cysts in the ovaries each month, preventing the release of eggs. | PCOD occurs when the ovaries contain numerous immature or partially developed eggs that develop into cysts. |
| Cause | Hormone imbalances, stress, family history, being overweight, and unhealthy eating | Inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and genetic/hereditary conditions |
| Symptoms | Hair loss, thinning hair, bald spots, mood swings, headaches, weight gain, and problems with getting pregnant | Gaining body fat, having irregular periods, losing hair, and trouble getting pregnant |
| Occurrence | 4%-20% of women around the world have PCOS | 30% of women worldwide have PCOD |
| Severity | PCOS is a more severe medical condition | PCOD is a common condition |
Complications of PCOS and PCOD on Fertility
- The risks of having PCOS are much greater than those of having PCOD. The chances of experiencing difficulties in conceiving are higher for women with PCOS, as the condition influences their ovulation patterns.
- Studies show that women with PCOS are three times more likely to have a miscarriage. They also face an increased likelihood of complications such as elevated blood pressure, gestational diabetes, delivering a large baby, and premature births, which may result in challenging labor or necessitate a cesarean section.
Wrapping Up!
- Maintaining good health is important for preventing and addressing hormonal issues. If you have symptoms like heavy bleeding, trouble getting pregnant, irregular periods, hair loss, sudden weight gain, or acne, you should see a doctor at Apollo Fertility. Our team can help determine the problem and suggest different assessments, allowing you to start the correct treatment promptly.
- If you're planning to conceive, you should reach out to our gynecologist, who focuses on women's health, as well as an endocrinologist for hormonal imbalances. During your visit, the doctor will ask you questions, and giving clear answers will help you get the best treatment for PCOS or PCOD. Book an appointment today!
